Fittings are crucial components in piping systems, used to connect straight sections of pipes, adapt to different sizes or shapes, and regulate or measure fluid flow. These are vital for creating an efficient, leak-proof system, and they come in various forms, each designed for specific applications, materials, and pressures.

Grooved fittings are designed for quick assembly and disassembly of pipelines, making them ideal for systems that require frequent maintenance. They use a gasket and clamps to create a secure joint, allowing for some movement within the pipeline, which is beneficial in systems experiencing thermal expansion or vibration.

Threaded fittings are commonly used in low-pressure, low-temperature environments where welding is not suitable. They connect by screwing onto the threaded ends of pipes, providing a tight seal but are less suitable for applications where they might be exposed to cyclical loading, which could cause them to loosen.

Flanged fittings are typically used in systems requiring regular inspection or cleaning. They consist of a flange, or rim, at the end of a pipe, fitting, valve, or other component, bolted together with a gasket between them to prevent leaks. They are ideal for high-pressure applications.

Mechanical joint fittings are used primarily in water and sewage applications, providing a flexible, restrained joint. They consist of a gland, gasket, and nuts and bolts, which compress the gasket into the bell, ensuring a tight seal.

Forged steel fittings are robust and durable, suitable for high-pressure applications and are available in various shapes and sizes. They are typically threaded or socket weld fittings.

Wrot and cast copper fittings are used with copper tubing in plumbing systems. Wrot copper fittings are made from pure copper, whereas cast copper fittings are made from melted scrap copper, each offering durability and resistance to corrosion.

Press fittings offer a modern method of pipe connection, using a mechanical press tool to crimp the fitting onto a pipe, which is fast, reliable, and doesn’t require welding or threading. They are available in materials like copper, stainless steel, and carbon steel, each providing specific benefits such as corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.

PVC fittings are lightweight, easy to install, and resistant to corrosion and chemical abrasion, making them ideal for water and sewage systems.

Acid waste fittings are specifically designed to handle the transport of acid waste in labs and industrial plants. They are made from materials that can withstand high corrosive substances.

PEX fittings are used with PEX pipes in plumbing systems, known for their flexibility and ease of installation. They require either a clamp or crimp ring to secure a connection.

HDPE fittings are used in high-density polyethylene pipes, which are known for their high impact resistance, flexibility, and durability. They are typically joined by heat fusion or mechanical fittings, making them ideal for high-demand applications like municipal water systems.